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Zoning Atlas For Sitting Of Industries - An Environment Management Tool
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Industrial
development is an essential evil in the development of country
like India. Industrialization results in environmental pollution
by generating hazardous waste and has increases the risk to
the Environment. The human settlements, the forests, water
bodies and Air are more sensitive to Pollution and may degrade
due to pollution. Therefore, Environmental planning is necessary
to protect these sensitive areas.
Presently
a proposed site for establishing an Industry is cleared by
regulatory bodies by setting discharging / emission standards.
However, this does not guarantee industries emit no Pollution.
Also Pollution Control equipment's used in an industry to
meet the standards prescribed by the Pollution Control Board
may not perform all the time or at its desired level of efficiency.
It is
the site that ultimately determines which water bodies might
get affected by water pollution by an Industry so as which
emission may affect Air quality. As a result nature balance
may be harmed.
To overcome
this Problem in future the MPCB in collaboration with Central
Pollution control Board & GTZ (German Technical co operation)
Germany are preparing district wise "Zoning Atlas for
Sitting of Industries" in the state with financial assistance
from world Bank under Environmental Management Capacity Building
Project.
The Zoning
Atlas for sitting of Industries, zones and classifies the
environment in the district and presents the Pollution receiving
potentials of various sites/zones and suggest the possible
alternate sites for industry through easy to read maps.
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| Zoning Atlas |
The Zoning Atlas for sitting of Industries,
zones and classifies the environment in the district and presents
the Pollution receiving potentials of various sites/zones and
suggest the possible alternate sites for industry through easy
to read maps.
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| Objectives |
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To Zone and classify the environment in a district. |
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To
identify locations for sitting of industries and |
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To identify
locations for sitting of industries andTo identify industries
suitable to the identified sites |
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| Essentials |
The zoning
atlas considers only the environmental aspects. For sitting
of industries, both the economic factors, such as availability
of raw materials, market for finished product, water supply,
electricity labor availability etc and the environmental factors
are to be considered. Assuming that the industry is the best
judge in identifying the
sites best suitable from economic considerations. The industry
may subsequently evaluate the site suitable from the both
economic and environmental considerations. Non-consideration
of environmental factors maximizes profits over a short period
but consideration of environmental factors minimizes liabilities
over a longer period. Due to increasing pollution, the environmental
standards are being made more and more stringent with time.
The cost of pollution control
investments in the industry are tremendously increasing, some
times posing a great burden on the industry and adding to
the risks of closer by the regulatory authorities Hence, the
preparation of the zoning Atlas based on environmental considerations
is relevant and justified.
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| Utility |
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Provides
a ready-reckoner for best site and relevant environmental
information; |
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Makes
decision making process simpler, faster, realistic,
transparent and reliable. |
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Provides a
basis for incorporating environmental aspects in to
physical (land use) planning process that is lacking
in the country: |
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Helps in planning cost-effective
pollution control measures and programs: |
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Helps an entrepreneur in readily
finding out the location best suited to site an industry
thereby saving time, efforts, investment and risk instead
of heading for an unknown site, conducting environmental
impacts assessment and awaiting clearance by the regulatory
authorities |
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Helps in developing infrastructures
facilities, such as roads, water supply, electricity etc.
and common waste treatment and disposal facilities; |
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Helps check additional pollution
in the areas already over-stressed with pollution; |
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Ensure that pollution potential
of an industry is made compatible with the local conditions
of the sites |
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Ensure that an industry, with
high pollution potential desiring to be located, in a
high risk area, will have to adopt clean technologies
for manufacturing process so as to prevent generation
of waste / pollution there by making it compatible with
the receiving environment. |
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Helps in increasing awareness
of the public on type of industries and nature of pollution
anticipated in the neighborhood well in advance; and |
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Helps in achieving sustainable
development |
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| Zoning Atlas a Tool for Decision-making |
The Zoning
Atlas for sitting of industries helps in decision-making at various
levels including the central & State Government, the industry,
the regulatory authorities and the general public. The types of
decisions that can be taken at various levels are given below.
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The Government
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| 1. |
Notification of industrial
areas |
| 2. |
Decision on the type of industrial
development. If the environmental consideration are out-weighed
by the economic consideration for sitting industry, the government
will know the environmental costs to be borne, risk involved
and the term liabilities |
| 3. |
Restriction of growth of certain industries
in specific areas, and |
| 4. |
Liberalizing location of certain industries
& permitting them anywhere in a region / district. |
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The Industry
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For location of an industry, economic factors,
such as availability of raw materials, water supply, electricity,
labor etc. and the environmental factors are to be considered. Although
industry knows the best suitable location from economic considerations,
it may not be aware of its implications from environmental protection
angle.
From the zoning atlas, an industry can find out the suitable location in various Districts of a state and then work out feasibility or economic viability of commencing its operations in these locations. Accordingly, a decision can be taken on best suitable location.
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The Regulatory authorities |
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Decision on the suitability of an industry to a particular site without losing much time in conducting of environmental assessment;
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Notification of site specific standards; |
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Provision of common pollution treatment and disposal facilities;
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Plan well in advance pollution monitoring and control programs; and.
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Plan in advance requirements of manpower, monitoring instruments, laboratory facilities, budget etc. in the regional / zonal offices of the State Pollution Control Boards for environmental regulations.
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The Public
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The public through the Zoning Atlas will know the locations of industries
that are likely to come up and the anticipated pollution in their
neighborhood. They can decide on the acceptability of such a development
even before an industry actual comes up. This eliminates apprehension
against forcing pollution on them.
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Methodology for Preparation of Zoning Atlas |
The Zoning, for sitting of industry is made using GIS applications
through overlaying of thematic maps and by the method of elimination
of areas unsuitable for industrial activity due to different environmental
conditions of sensitivity. The methodology includes identification
of the characteristic of the district, mapping of the sensitive
Zones that are unsuitable for sitting of industries owing to legal
restrictions, physical constraints, social considerations etc.,
assessing the pollution receiving potential of the District in terms
of Air/water (surface/ground) pollution and identification of possible
alternate sites suiting to different types of pollution potential.
The suitability is based entirely on environmental factors. The
scale used for preparation of various maps is 1 : 2,50,000 (1cm
= 2.5 km).The procedure for preparing Zoning Atlas for a district is broadly categorized in to six steps, as below :
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| 1. |
Preparation of the base map of the
district; |
| 2. |
Preparation of the themes, which show the physical
features of the district (land use & drainage map, physiography,
land capabilities, etc.) |
| 3. |
Identification of areas showing "Sensitive
Zones" which are unsuitable for industrial sitting from
environmental considerations / guidelines, legal restrictions,
social constrains and physical constrains; |
| 4. |
Preparation of theme maps pertaining
to Air pollution sensitivity and ground water pollution sensitivity. |
| 5. |
Preparation of 'pollution sensitivity'
maps based on overlay of theme maps and identification of
* Possible alternative sites for location of industries based
on the sensitivity of the sites to air and water pollution and
the risk associated with industrial sitting; and
** Possible solid waste disposal sites based on the sensitivity
to ground water pollution. |
| 6. |
Listing of the categories of industry
suitable to various sites identified and recommending guidelines
for sitting of industries and the site clearance procedures. |
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